Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Outbreak as Experienced by ICU Nurses: Manifest Qualitative Content Analysis.

From the moment the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses struggled to care for the COVID-19 patients. As the pandemic became increasingly critical, the task of daily care for critically ill patients fell upon the shoulders of ICU nurses. Understanding the lived experience of ICU nurses, as well as their perception of the experience, is important to identify key lessons to further improve ICU nurses' psychological well-being and resilience. This study explored the lived experiences of ICU nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients using exploratory manifest qualitative content analysis. The findings of this study revealed that these ICU nurses offer important information concerning the crucial role of nurses' family support and religious-spiritual practices in helping them to maintain well-being and cope with the intense situations caused by the pandemic. The lessons emerging from the study findings show that family support and religious-spiritual practices are resources for coping and resilience in times of future pandemics. This implies that ICU nurses who provide care during stressful emergency surges require relief by nurses working in other areas to provide them the opportunity to rest, reconnect with family and become emotionally re-energized.

COVID-19 crisis: Influence of eHealth literacy on mental health promotion among Saudi nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the influence of eHealth literacy on mental health promotion among Saudi nursing students. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 19 April to 21 May 2020. A total of 468 nursing students responded to the self-administered online survey. Two instruments, namely, the eHealth Literacy Scale and the Positive Mental Health Scale, were used. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used for the descriptive analysis. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the relationship between eHealth literacy, health promotion, and its predictors. RESULTS: The results showed that 30.3% of nursing students were dissatisfied with their general health. Students perceived high self-assessed eHealth literacy and positive mental health. Students in the 4th year had lower scores than those of students in the 2nd year. Nursing students perceived that the quarantine and public social distancing lowered their mental health scores. Finally, the eHealth literacy mean scores resulted in a 0.21-point increase in the positive mental health scores. CONCLUSION: The finding of the study shows that the eHealth literacy positively influnce the mental health status of Saudi Nursing students.

Predictors of nursing students' intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A multi-university study in Saudi Arabia.

AIMS: This study examined the predictors of student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. We measured the nursing students' risk perceptions, anxiety, fears and beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine; attitudes towards it and vaccine literacy (VL). DESIGN: This study is a multi-university study utilizing the quantitative, cross-sectional and predictive approach. METHODS: Using convenience sampling (n = 1170), we surveyed 10 Saudi universities from November 26, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression was performed in identifying the factors predicting student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. RESULTS: The overall mean in the risk perception, anxiety and fear was 9.59 (SD = 2.82, possible range = 1-15), 3.95 (SD = 4.77, possible range = 0-20) and 18.17 (SD = 6.65, possible range = 7-35) respectively. They also reported a mean of 29.90 (SD = 6.56, possible range = 8-40) on COVID-19 belief. COVID-19 positive and negative attitudes mean score was 3.64 (SD = 0.92) and 2.72 (SD = 0.90) in a 1-4 range of scores respectively. The functional and interactive-critical COVID-19 VL of the students were at moderate levels. More than half of the respondents (55.9%) intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 17.6% did not intend to do so and 26.5% were unsure. High-risk perceptions, low levels of COVID-19 anxiety, positive beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine, and high levels of interactive-critical COVID-19 VL were significant predictors of student nurses' intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Policymakers could consider the factors identified in this study and why the students did not intend to receive the vaccine in planning a nationwide vaccination program. The colleges of nursing could also utilize the findings in developing educational programs that aim to improve VL and beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine.

Identify the Disaster Nursing Training and Education Needs for Nurses in Taif City, Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing is considered the healthcare profession with the most members. Emergency nurses constitute the first line of treatment in healthcare facilities when catastrophic events bring disaster victims in need of medical attention. Therefore, these nurses must be well educated and trained efficiently to be able to deal with disastrous situations properly. This study aimed to distinguish the most important elements of education and training for preparing emergency nurses to face disasters in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), specifically, the city of Taif. METHODS: This study employed a tool to measure nurses' most important training and education needs that was created by the authors based on a literature review and was approved by an expert panel in disaster nursing. Questionnaires were distributed to emergency nurses in four hospitals run by the Ministry of Health in Taif city. Survey responses were received from 210 participants, and the data were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). A one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups according to their experiences. RESULTS: The following three factors were extracted from the data after redundant items were loaded and excluded: incident management systems (IMSs), disaster triage, and disaster drills. Nurses with less than three years of experience have a significant need to learn about these elements in order to be able to cope with disasters. CONCLUSION: Understanding different types of disasters and how to deal with these catastrophic events is crucial. Significant differences existed between ED nurses in their understanding of the basic elements of disaster management based on their level of experience in an ED. Therefore, disaster education must be included in nursing curricula, and more training courses, mock drills, and simulations must be conducted in hospitals for nurses, especially nurses with less experience, so they can learn to manage their responsibilities during disasters.

The Experiences Of Emergency Nurses During The COVID-19 Crisis: Factor Analysis

Emergency nurses are in the frontline in managing COVID-19 crises. Directly encountering and dealing with infected patients put nurses at high risk. To date, evidence about emergency nurses’ experiences of COVID-19, particularly those in the frontline, are limited. Understanding the experience and impact of the COVID-19 crisis on emergency nurses could contribute to improving nursing and disaster practices. This study aimed to explore the experiences of emergency nurses during their responses to the COVID-19 crisis. Thus, A cross-sectional design was used. For the data collection, a questionnaire was constructed and its validity and reliability was rigorously evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The data were collected in two phases, in which 111 and 128 emergency nurses were recruited from different hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The primary purpose of PCA;EFA and CFA to delete weak loading and extract and confirm factors. The findings of using factor analysis, of the 22 items, 11 items were retained with strong factor loadings (0.88 to 0.54) to three factors. The three factors were worry (4 items), compliance (4 items), and cautiousness (3 items). The reliability of the three factors was 0.84, 0.86, and 0.73, respectively, indicating that the scale had good reliability. The 11 scale items had robust psychometric properties, which implies that they could be used to evaluate emergency nurses’ experience in encountering and dealing with the COVID-19 crisis. Although nurses in the frontline showed compliance with infection control prevention measures, they were likely to experience certain degrees of fear and worry, which could lead to burnout. Hence, it is highly recommended to help nurses overcome such crises by providing consistent support and reassurance. Keywords: mmergency nursing;COVID-19;crisis;nursing care and experiences

Factors Affecting the Decontamination Process in Hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals face various types of disasters that require either decontamination or disinfection interventions. These contaminants can be chemical, biological, radioactive, or infectious, such as COVID-19. Further, there are few studies in the literature on factors affecting decontamination in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Approximately 157 healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, and other specialists) participated in this study. Principle component analysis was used to explore three factors in Saudi Arabia that affect the ability of healthcare providers to decontaminate appropriately. RESULTS: Three factors were extracted: (1) having adequate skills to perform decontamination, (2) being adequately prepared for decontamination before a disaster occurs, and (3) organizational barriers to decontamination. There was a positive correlation between the skills and preparedness and a negative correlation between barriers and both skills and preparedness. DISCUSSION: It is essential to prepare for decontamination during disasters more effectively and to ensure that all healthcare providers have the requisite skills. Moreover, barriers to decontamination must be investigated thoroughly to improve implementation.

Medical Staff Members' Experiences with Blackboard at Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus COVID-19 has had very serious impacts on many aspects of people's lives worldwide, including the negative effect on the educational system that disturbed the normal functions of medical faculties. Understanding the experiences of medical faculty members will help to better prepare for making improvements in similar future crises. Moreover, to our extended knowledge, there is no study on e-learning in the field of medical university education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how online learning was applied at Taif University after the total transformation from traditional education to Blackboard during the COVID-19 crisis and how it can be improved. METHODS: The study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Staff from four medical colleges at Taif University, Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Eight Saudi lecturers participated, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: This study revealed four themes: Blackboard is professionally well designed; obstacles to the use of Blackboard; the need for Blackboard training; and student behavior through Blackboard. CONCLUSION: The use of the Blackboard has its advantages and disadvantages, and the education sector needs to do more research to find out that issues and work to improve it.

Using Logic Model and Key Performance Indicators to Construct A Field Hospital for Coronavirus Pandemic Cases (preprint)

Background. Field hospitals have been established as part of the COVID-19 pandemic response in a range of countries including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Assess input, monitor activities and track output can be used to identify whether field hospitals are meeting their intended targets. Method. Based on a case study approach, the reported results include field hospital construction project performance outcomes, a description of the design process and the development and application of key performance indicators to assess field hospital efficacy.Result. Each of the logic model component (i.e. input, activities and output) has tailored indicators that address different aspects of field hospital; from the infrastructure work to the wider impacts on services.Conclusion. The logic model components and related KPIs can be extremely important in terms of providing insights into how to achieve the field hospital’s objectives.